The Role of VDR Gene Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Supplementation

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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear transcriptional regulator that activates by binding to 1a,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1a,25(OH)2D), known as calcitriol, which forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Calcitriol signalling is responsible for regulating a range of biological effects, including calcium as well as metabolism of phosphorous, parathormone release, cell proliferation, and the regulation of adaptive and innate immunity.

A T > C base modification in the promoter region of VDR variant rs11568820 removes the binding site for the transcription factor Cdx2 located upstream of exon 1e. This causes to the production of a less sized protein with reduced transcriptional activity. The F allele of this variant can be found in high numbers in Asians and Europeans and at a low frequency in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The results of this study advance our understanding of the role that VDR gene polymorphisms could influence the response to diet supplementation with calcium calcitriol. Carriers of the TaqI polymorphism as well as the FF genotype of the FokI polymorphism have greater transcriptional activation of VDR and are associated with higher calcium absorption and bone mineral oldetowntimes.net/a-great-hack-for-the-nintendo-wii density, as well as reduced risk of fractures [34 35, 34[34, 35]. Further research using more homogeneous designs is needed to improve our understanding of how these genetic variants influence vitamin D supplementation and its clinical importance.

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